To keep things simple, the most important things to remember are
- do not overuse them
- try to keep lists and points short
- be consistent
Lists are usually introduced with a brief sentence or introductory clause. If the items in your list flow naturally from this sentence, there is no need to use a colon.
Example:
The open day programme includes
- visits to academic departments
- talks
- accommodation visits
If the items on your list will not flow naturally from an introduction, use a colon. If your list is introduced by a phrase such as for instance or for example, use a colon.
Example:
The initiative is principally concerned with these areas:
- energy generation using renewable natural resources (wind, solar, wave, ocean current, hydro)
- biofuels and advanced conversion
- energy conservation, storage, and efficiency
When points are self-contained sentences, you should begin each point with an initial capital and end with a full stop.
As the first and second examples illustrate, a list that completes or flows from an introduction does not need full stops after each point. However, if your points are longer, you can use internal punctuation.
The first letter of each point should not be capitalised (unless it is a proper noun, or the point is a complete sentence).